Political Character and Saudi Arabic Fire Diplomacy

  • Abbasy Haddad Centre of Middle East Study, Algeria
Keywords: Speech Act, Political Nature, Personal, Triba

Abstract

This paper seeks to track the political nature behind the decision of Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi executes Shia cleric, Nimr Baqir Al-Nimr using speech act theory. It is not a coincidence when the execu-tion of the Nimr conducted before implementation JCPOA, reached Iran with 5+1 group and the European Union. The Saudi political action born out of political character that is both personal and tribal.This paper provides a theoretical reinforcement to the previous related research, especially Hermann Frederick Eilts about the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia, also Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner that highlights the state's formation and patterns of tribal Arab country. Tracking model of diplomacy fire that relies on oil (money) and sword (military), a bit much to contribute about the urgency of understanding the political nature, including the style of diplomacy, as large maps to analyze the political action of the actors Arab kingdom of Saud in responding to the political dynamics of regional and global.

References

Askari, Hossein. The Militarization of The Persian Gulf: An Economic Analysis. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited:2009.

Bronson, Rachel. Oil: America’s Uneasy Partnership with Saudi Arabia, Oxford Press: 2006.

Brown, Anthony. Oil, God and Gold: The Story of Aramco and the Saudi Kingdom, Houghton Mifflin: 1999.

Brown, L. Carl. Diplomacy in The Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers. London, I.B.Tauris:2004.

Cleveland, William and Bunton, Martin. A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th edition. Westview: 2009.

Durkheim, Emile. The Rules of Sociological Method, New York, The Free press: 1982.

Dryzek, John. The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions. Oxford University Press:2006.

Eickelman, Dale F. Middle East: An Anthropological Approach. Prentice-Hall:1981.

Halliday, Fred. The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology. Cambridge University Press: 2005.

International Institute for Strategic Studies. The Military Balance 2015. 11 February 2015. London: Routledge.

Khalaf, Abdul Hadi dan Giacomo Luciana. Constitutional Reform and Political Participation in the Gulf, Dubai, Gulf Research Center:2006.

Kostiner, Joseph. The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916-1936 : From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State.Oxford University Press.1993.

Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. world of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations, Columbia, University of South Carolina Press:1989.

Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner, The Conference on Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East. Cambridge, Massachusetts: November 1987.

Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel. The Concept of Representation. University of California Press:1997.

Posner, Gerald L. Secrets of the Kingdom: the Inside Story of the Saudi-U.S. Connection, Random House: 2007.

SIPRI. Trend in The World Military Expenditure 2014: Fact Sheet April 2015.

Turner, Stephen P. Emile Durkheim: Sociologist and moralist, London,

Routledge: 1993.

http://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-forex-tensions-idUSL8N14O0E42-0160104 accessed Tuesday 5 January 2016.

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-16/-50-oil-puts-saudi-budget-deficit-beyond-reach-of-spending-cuts. accessed Wednesday 6 January 2016.

http://katadata.co.id/berita/2015/12/29/defisit-rp-1372-trillion-arab-saudi-naikan-harga-bbm. accessed, Wednesday, January 6, 2016.

http://katadata.co.id/berita/2015/09/15/perang-harga-minyak-kekalah-amerika-dan-kemenangan-opec accessed on Sunday, 31 January 2016.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/saudi-arabia-executions-human-rights council_us_56884809e4b06fa6888293d1, accessed on Friday, 29 January 2016.

http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/sep/29/uk-and-saudi-arabia-in-secret-deal-over-human-rights-council-place, accessed on Sunday, 31 January 2016

http://www.globalresearch.ca/united-nations-farce-saudi-arabia-to-head-un-human-rights-council/5477833 accessed on Saturday, 30 January 2016.

https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/01/07/yemen-coalition-drops-cluster-bombs-capital-0 accessed Friday, 29 January 2016.

https://www.rt.com/news/328190-yemen-saudi-cluster-bombs/ accessed Friday, 29 January 2016.

http://www.stopclustermunitions.org/en-gb/cluster-bombs/use-of-cluster-bombs/cluster-munition-use-in-yemen.aspx. accessed Saturday, 30 January 2016.

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/world/middleeast/us-relies-heavily-on-saudi-money-to-support-syrian-rebels.html?_r=0 accessed Sunday 31 January 2016 .

https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/yemen-coalition-used-uk-cruise-missile-in-unlawful-airstrike/ accessed Sunday 31 January 2016.

https://www.rt.com/uk/328259-military-uk-saudi-arabia-yemen/ accessed Sunday, 31 January 2016.

Published
2020-08-10
How to Cite
Haddad, A. (2020). Political Character and Saudi Arabic Fire Diplomacy. International Journal of Science and Society, 2(3), 322-330. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i3.179