Analysis of Structural Errors and Linguistic Rules in Observation Report Texts among Grade X Students at MAN 1 Sijunjung

Abstract

This study aims to describe and analyze structural and linguistic rule errors in Observation Report Texts (LHO) written by tenth-grade students at MAN 1 Sijunjung. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through documentation techniques in the form of 25 student-written LHO texts, which were then analyzed using linguistic error analysis techniques, including identification, classification, and evaluation. The results showed that the majority of students had not been able to compose complete and standardized LHO texts. In terms of structure, 64% of the texts were classified as incomplete, with the most dominant error being the absence of the benefits description section. In terms of linguistic rules, 80% of the texts were categorized as inadequate or inaccurate. The most prominent patterns of linguistic errors included spelling and typographical errors, the use of spoken language and interference from the local Minangkabau language, the dominance of subjective opinions that violated the principle of textual objectivity, and unclear sentence structures. These findings indicate that students still experience difficulties in distinguishing the characteristics of LHO texts from narrative or opinion texts and have not optimally applied the rules of the Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System (EYD). This study recommends strengthening writing instruction with a focus on the principles of objectivity, standardized language, and the completeness of the logical structure of LHO texts