Criminal Liability of a Juvenile Offender in Sexual Violence Resulting in Reproductive Organ Injury to the Victim
A Study of Decision No. 12/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Sbw
Abstract
This study examines juvenile criminal liability and judicial reasoning in Decision No. 12/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Sbw through the lens of proportional justice. Employing normative (doctrinal) legal research, the study applies statutory, conceptual, and case approaches by analyzing the applicable legal framework on juvenile justice and sexual violence, relevant criminal law doctrines on liability and causation, and the structure of the court’s reasoning. The findings show that the elements of criminal liability were established covering the actus reus, mens rea, accountability, and the causal nexus between the conduct and the victim’s injury, and yet the sentencing rationale largely centered on the offender’s status as a child under the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. As a result, the judgment did not sufficiently articulate the victim’s severe reproductive harm as a decisive aggravating factor for proportional sentencing. This study argues for more robust and transparent judicial reasoning that integrates juvenile justice principles with victim-protection mandates, including a harmonized reading of the juvenile justice regime and the sexual violence legal framework, to secure a substantively fair balance between child protection and victims’ rights.
References
Aidy, W. R., & Sanaky, M. S. R. (2022). Victims of child sexual violence from a legal perspective. Jurnal Hukum Sasana, 8(1).
Angriani, R., & Abdulajid, S. (2023). Legal Analysis of Children as Victims of Sexual Violence. Journal of Social Science (2720-9938), 4(2).
Ariyanti, V. (2019). Konsep Perlindungan Korban dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Nasional dan Sistem Hukum Pidana Islam. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 13(1), 33–48.
Campbell, L., Ashworth, A., & Redmayne, M. (2019). The criminal process. Oxford University Press.
Chrysan, E. M., Rohi, Y. M., & Apituley, D. S. F. (2020). Penerapan Sanksi Tindakan Anak Yang Melakukan Bullying Dalam Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus, 3(4), 162–172.
CHUNG Wai Man, F. (2020). The concept of proportionality in public law. City University of HK Press.
Csorba, R., Atas Elfrink, Z., & Tsikouras, P. (2024). Diagnosis of child sexual abuse. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(23), 7297.
Dos Santos, E. O., Moscardini, A. W., & Miziara, I. D. (2024). Characterization of male sexual assault in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: an epidemiological study from 2014 to 2017. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 138(2), 571–581.
Dragojlović, J. (2022). The minors as victims in a criminal proceedings for criminal offenses against sexual freedom. Pravo Teorija i Praksa, 39(4), 77–96.
Erbaş, R. (2022). Challenges in Regulating Sexual Offences in Turkey. Global Problems in Sexual Offenses, 3–24.
Imaroh, Z., Hamzani, A. I., & Aryani, F. D. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Penyebaran Berita Hoax di Media Sosial. Penerbit NEM.
Jülich, S., Brady-Clark, M., Yeung, P., & Landon, F. (2024). Restorative justice responses to sexual violence: Perspectives and experiences of participating persons responsible and persons harmed. Victims & Offenders, 19(7), 1424–1449.
Kane, D., Kennedy, K. M., & Eogan, M. (2024). The prevalence of genital injuries in post-pubertal females presenting for forensic examination after reported sexual violence: a systematic review. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 138(3), 997–1010.
Kaur, Suminder, Kaur, Simarpreet, Rawat, B., & Sharma, R. (2022). A multidisciplinary approach in pre-pubertal child sexual assault cases–forensic evaluation and suggestions. Legal Medicine, 58, 102097.
Keenan, M., & Zinsstag, E. (2022). Sexual violence and restorative justice: Addressing the justice gap. Oxford University Press.
Kerka, E., & Taho, G. (2022). Juveniles as victims of sexual violence. Balkan Social Science Review, 20, 83–99.
Krienert, J. L., Walsh, J. A., & Ingold, K. A. (2025). An empirical analysis of sibling sexual abuse: Examining offender, victim, and event characteristics in National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data, 2018–2022. Child Abuse & Neglect, 162, 106871.
Marotta, C. M., & Malizia, N. (2022). A study on intra-family sexual abuse and incest: criminological, victimological, legal and medico-legal profiles. Int J Sci Res Publ (IJSRP), 12, 383.
Miziara, I. D., Miziara, C. S. M. G., Salguero Aguiar, L., & Alvez, B. (2022). Physical evidence of rape against children and adolescents in Brazil: analysis of 13,870 reports of sexual assault in 2017. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 20503121221088680.
Morina, M., Curri, B., & Curri, F. (2023). Treatment of rape in Kosovo from 2019-2021: Quality assurance, legal and forensic aspects. Quality-Access to Success, 24(196), 38–48.
Niluh, F. S. (n.d.). Legal Analysis of Criminal Liability of Perpetrators of Sexual Intercourse Against Minors Based on Justice (Study of Decision Number 6/PID. SUS/2023/PN. PWT). Ratio Legis Journal, 3(4), 1269–1302.
Permanasari, A. (2018). Penafsiran Hukum tentang “Partisipasi Langsung dalam Permusuhan” dalam Kasus-kasus Kejahatan Perang. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 25(3), 515–537.
Purba, N., Suriani, S., Ismail, I., Ismail, W. N. A. T., & Saragih, A.-K. (2024). Double Track System for Child Convictions for Sexual Violence In North Sumatera: Perspective of Restorative Justice. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 8(2), 1216–1238.
Ramadianto, A. R., Istiqomah, M., & Aprilianda, N. (2025). Victim Impact Statement as a Model of Victim-Centered Justice in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 32(2), 337–360.
Santoso, T., & Satria, H. (2023). Sexual-Violence Offenses in Indonesia: Analysis of the Criminal Policy in the Law Number 12 of 2022. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 10(1), 59–79.
Setiawan, E. B., Febrianti, T. R., Mustofa, L. C., & Pratama, L. (2022). The Indonesian Criminal Law System’s Progression in Sexual Assaults Regulation. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukurn Dan Konstitusi, 5(2).
Sowersby, C.-J., Erskine-Shaw, M., & Willmott, D. (2022). Masochist or murderer? A discourse analytic study exploring social constructions of sexually violent male perpetrators, female victims-survivors and the rough sex defense on twitter. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 867991.
Suseno, S., Rukmini, M., & Iskandarsyah, A. (2025). Legal Protection of Child Victims of Sexual Crimes from a Legal and Psychosocial Perspective. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(1), e02719–e02719.
Tatyana, N. (2021). Kerentanan Anak Indonesia terhadap Kekerasan Seksual Online Era Covid-19: Sebuah Perspektif Hukum. Jurnal Wanita Dan Keluarga, 2(2), 107–120.
Tursilarini, T. Y., Udiati, T., Irmawan, I., Cahyono, S. A. T., Suryani, S., & Al Vayed, D. (2024). Examining Child Victims of Incest in Indonesia: Between the Legal System and Family Dysfunction. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 23(1), 129–142.
Utami, N. A. T., Rahmah, A. M., & Wahyudi, S. (2023). Kebijakan penerapan keadilan restoratif dalam penegakan hukum di indonesia demi terwujudnya keadilan. Soedirman Law Review, 5(2).
Yuriah, S., Ananti, Y., & Nurjayanti, D. (2024). Dynamics of the experience of sexual violence and its impact on girls in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. International Journal of Health Sciences, 8, 579–592.
Zakaria, C. A. F., Mahmud, A., & Mulyana, A. (2023). Legal protection for child victims of sexual assault in a restorative justice perspective. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 23(1), 59–70.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Science and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
.jpg)
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png)
1.png)
.jpg)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
-modified.png)
